GASTRITIS:

It is Inflammation of gastric mucosa. There are many types of gastritis which are given below:

1. Type A gastritis:

This is an autoimmune condition in which antibodies are produced against the parietal cells of the stomach and destroy them. These parietal cells are responsible for the production of intrinsic factors and hydrogen ions. The destruction of parietal cells leads to deficiency of intrinsic factor (Vitamin B12), achlorhydria and gastric atrophy.

2. Type B gastritis:

This type of gastritis is caused by H Pylori infection. It is treated with H-pylori eradication

therapy.

3. Reflux gastritis:

This occurs after gastric surgery (gastrojejunostomy etc) due to reflux of enteric contents into the stomach.

4. Erosive gastritis:

This occurs when the gastric mucosal barrier is disturbed as in case of NSAIDS and alcohol. The use of NSAIDs leads to inhibition of prostaglandin secretion which protects the gastric mucosa.

5. Stress gastritis:

This results from reduction of blood supply to gastric mucosa. During stressful conditions like shock, bleeding, Hypovolemia, the blood supply to gastric mucosa is reduced and it can lead to gastritis, haematemesis or malena and in more severe cases perforation. It should be routine in clinical practice to prevent stress ulceration by using PPIs or H2 blockers in patients who undergo any major surgery or those who are admitted in intensive care unit

(ICU)

6.Menetrier's disease

(Hypertrophic gastropathy): Pre-Malignant

This uncommon condition is characterized by gross hypertrophy of gastric mucosal folds, mucous production and hypochlorhydria. The  condition is premalignant and is associated

with anemia and protein losing gastropathy (hypoproteinemia). The disease seems to be caused by overexpression of transforming growth factors. There may be increased risk of

cancer formation, sometimes disease regress spontaneously. Gastric resection may be indicated for bleeding, hypoproteinemia or cancer formation.

7. Lymphocytic gastritis:

This type is caused by lymphocytic infiltration into the gastric mucosa. Eosinophilic gastritis seen in allergic conditions.

8. Granulomatous gastritis.

It results from tuberculosis or Crohn's disease.